So any minor disaster will ultimately cause greater damage to large population near and far the unit. Because of scarcity of land many textile industries are located nearby households. Among the three types water pollution is considered to be more hazardous as it is caused by the discharge of untreated effluents. A textile mill can cause pollution in the form of air pollution or water pollution or noise pollution. The small and large scale operations in this sector contribute much to the economy, but also cause precarious effects on environment. The textile industry is one of the largest industries in the world, in context of its output or production and employment. As the textile industries consume large quantities of water and generates waste water in proportionate order. Textile industries are major sources of Environmental pollution. Environmental pollution due to different types of industries is one of the vital problem presently facing the India and all over the world. The liquid form of the industrial waste is termed effluent. They contain a huge amount of inorganic, organic and organometallic substances that discharge from the individual sources and mix into Human Environment. The characteristics of industrial waste are different from municipal and commercial wastes. Industrial wastes are comprised of different types of solid waste, liquid waste, hazardous waste and gaseous waste. Therefore, the protection of environment and natural resources is a must for the proper development of a country. The major environmental issues related to industrial development are over exploitation of natural resources and environmental pollution. The environment with its biotic and abiotic components provides basic resources that support production consumption by population and assimilates the residues produced during these activities. The industrial development is essential for socio-economic existence of a nation. Our motto is to save living species and its surrounding environment. Water depletion of good quality water and environmental pollution has given tremendous importance to the water management. The objectives of this research are to discuss the various processing stages in the textile industry and methodologies adopted for treating textile wastewater. Due to high concentration of organics in the effluents and higher stability of modern synthetic dyes, their discharges into rivers are harmful to aquatic life. The colour which dues impart to water bodies is very undesirable to the water user for aesthetic reasons. Dyes are extensively used in the textile industry. The toxic effects of dyestuffs and other organic compounds, as well as acidic and alkaline contaminants, from industrial establishments on the general public are widely accepted. Wastewater from printing and dyeing units is often rich in color, containing residues of reactive dyes and chemicals, and requires proper treatment before being released into the environment. The textile dyeing industry consumes large quantities of water and produces large volumes of wastewater from different steps in the dyeing and finishing processes. So that it conforms to specified discharge requirements and (3) recycling waste several times over before discharge, which is considered the most practical solution. There are three main ways to reduce pollution: (1) use of new, less polluting technologies (2) effective treatment of effluent. The main challenge for the textile industry today is to modify production methods, so they are more ecologically friendly at a competitive price, by using safer dyes and chemicals and by reducing cost of effluent treatment/disposal. For the treatment of textile industry wastewater, biological treatment, chemical treatment and combination of these are used. Traditionally produced fabric contains chemical residues, used during their manufacturing. Textile effluent is characterized by high BOD (from 700 to 2, 000mg/L) and COD loads, suspended solids, mineral oils and residual dye. Textile industry is one of the main sources of pollution problem worldwide. It has high importance in terms of its environmental impact, since it consumes considerably high amount of processed water and produces highly polluted discharge water in large amounts. Textile industry is one of the most important and rapidly developing industrial sectors in India.
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